HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC SOCIETY Brochure 38th Season's programmes 1955-1956 5.12.1955 38/3. Correction Schubert- Morgenkuss Misprinted as Morgengruss H. Nercutte Archivist colorchecker X x-rite T B P. 11 3 MSCCPPCC0613 ןווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווווו/uu

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB (Founded in 1918 by Dr. Eaglefield Hull) The National Federation of Music Societies, to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain. A SERIES OF FIVE CONCERTS FOR THE THIRTY-EIGHTH SEASON 1955-56 to be given in the THE MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM TOWN HALL OTO On MONDAY EVENINGS at 7.30 p.m. 20/1 President. .. .. . Active Vice-President Honorary Vice-Presidents : DR. RALPH VAUGHAN WILLIAMS, DAME MYRA HESS. BENJAMIN BRITTEN, F. W. GADSBY S. H. CROWTHER DAVID DUGDALE Mrs. E. GLENDINNING E. GLENDINNING Miss Z. E. HULL A. L. WOODHEAD, Esq., M.A., J.P. .. J. STANCLIFFE ELLIS, Esq. Mrs. H. AINLEY Mrs. ARNOLD Mrs. BRANSOM Mrs. S. H. CROWTHER Miss K. EVANS Mrs. E. FENNER Mrs. D. HIRST Committee: P. L. MICHELSON Mrs. E. PARK Cr. F. ROWCLIFFE MAX SELKA Miss A. SHAW Ladies' Committee: Chairman Mrs. E. PARK Mrs. A. E. HORSFALL Mrs. A. E. HULL Miss Z. E. HULL E. C. SHAW E. D. SPENCER Hon. Secretaries: Mrs. A. E. HULL, 48 New North Road. Tel. Hudd. 1094. STANLEY G. WATSON, 342 New Hey Road. Hon. Treasurer: P. S. THEAKER, National Provincial Bank, King Street. Mrs. JACKSON Mrs. G. G. JARMAIN Mrs. A. W. KAYE 101 Mrs. J. LEE J. TROLLER Mrs. S. G. WATSON Tel. Milnsbridge 1706. adT Mrs. M. M. SAYER Miss A. SHAW Mrs. I. SILVERWOOD Mrs. E. D. SPENCER Mrs. P. SYKES Miss W. TOWNSEND Miss WHITWAM cois Hon. Secretary: Mrs. E. GLENDINNING ni Johou Hon. Treasurer: Mrs. S. G. WATSON THE CLUB IS OPEN TO EVERYONE CLUB 1., M.A., J.P.

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB (Founded in 1918 by Dr. Eaglefield Hull) The National Federation of Music Societies, to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain. A SERIES OF FIVE CONCERTS FOR THE THIRTY-EIGHTH SEASON 1955-56 to be given in the THE MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM TOWN HALL C On MONDAY EVENINGS at 7.30 p.m. A. L. WOODHEAD, Esq., M.A., J.P. .. J. STANCLIFFE ELLIS, Esq. Honorary Vice-Presidents : DR. RALPH VAUGHAN WILLIAMS, DAME MYRA HESS, BENJAMIN BRITTEN, F. W. GADSBY President Active Vice-President S. H. CROWTHER DAVID DUGDALE Mrs. E. GLENDINNING E. GLENDINNING Miss Z. E. HULL Mrs. H. AINLEY Mrs. ARNOLD Mrs. BRANSOM Mrs. S. H. CROWTHER Committee: P. L. MICHELSON Mrs. E. PARK Cr. F. ROWCLIFFE MAX SELKA Miss A. SHAW Hon. Secretaries: Mrs. A. E. HULL, 48 New North Road. Tel. Hudd. 1094. STANLEY G. WATSON, 342 New Hey Road. Tel. Milnsbridge 1706. Hon. Treasurer: P. S. THEAKER, National Provincial Bank, King Street. Miss K. EVANS Mrs. E. FENNER Mrs. D. HIRST Ladies' Committee: Chairman Mrs. E. PARK Mrs. A. E. HORSFALL Mrs. A. E. HULL Miss Z. E. HULL E. C. SHAW E. D. SPENCER J. TROLLER Mrs. S. G. WATSON Mrs. JACKSON Mrs. G. G. JARMAIN Mrs. A. W. KAYE Mrs. J. LEE Mrs. M. M. SAYER Miss A. SHAW Mrs. I. SILVERWOOD Mrs. E. D. SPENCER Mrs. P. SYKES Miss W. TOWNSEND Miss WHITWAM Hon. Secretary: Mrs. E. GLENDINNING JUD Hon. Treasurer: Mrs. S. G. WATSON T THE CLUB IS OPEN TO EVERYONE

The Committee is happy to announce the following Season of outstanding Chamber Music Concerts. All the artists engaged are making their first appearance in Huddersfield, and the Com- mittee confidently expect that much interest will be created thereby. MONDAY, 10th OCTOBER 1955 Rosalyn Tureck PIANO RECITAL English Suite in G minor Bach Variations & Fugue on a theme by Handel Brahms Works by Schubert, Chopin, Ravel and Liszt MONDAY, 14th NOVEMBER 1955 The Carmirelli String Quartet Quartet in D minor Op. 10 No. 2 Quartet in G major K.465 Quartet in F major Op. 59 No. 1 Boccherini Mozart Beethoven

MONDAY, 5th DECEMBER 1955 Julian Bream & Eileen McLoughlin LUTE, GUITAR and SONG RECITAL Songs with Lute by Dowland, Morley and Jones Lute Solos by Johnson and Dowland Songs with Guitar by Schubert Guitar Solos Spanish Folk Songs MONDAY, 23rd JANUARY 1956 The Manchester Wind Sextet W. MORRIS (Flute) M. WINFIELD (Oboe) P. RYAN (Clarinet) M. HANDFORD (Horn) C. CRACKNELL (Bassoon) R. WHALLEY (Piano). Quintet in E flat K.452 Sextet Sextet MONDAY, 12th MARCH 1956 Quatuor Haydn Quartet in D major Op. 71 No. 2 Quartet in E major Op. 74 Quartet Mozart Thuille Poulenc Haydn Beethoven Ravel

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB aildque 15M SUBSCRIPTIONS A member's subscription for the Season is 30/-. Season tickets may be obtained from either of the Hon. Secretaries or from Messrs. J. Wood & Sons. Ltd., 67 New Street. As you were a Member last Season .. ticket(s) for the coming Season are enclosed herewith and it is requested that the appropriate subscription be forwarded to the Hon. Treasurer (Mr. P. S. Theaker, National Provincial Bank, King Street, Huddersfield) before the date of the FIRST Concert 19 (s (10th October). Cheques should be made payable to "The Huddersfield Music Club." In the event of any of the tickets not being required this year, they should be returned to Mrs. Hull, 48 New North Road, Huddersfield, not later than 1st October, after which date it will be assumed that they will be retained and paid for. If you were not a member last Season and would like to join the Club, will you please make early applica-no tion to either of the Hon. Secretaries as the accom- modation is limited. q0 2018m C ni dojasuo We shall greatly appreciate it if you will please pass this Prospectus on to your Friends bro The Advertiser Press Ltd., Huddersfield

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB President A. L. Woodhead, Esq., M.A., J.P. (The National Federation of Music Societies, to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain). MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL MONDAY, 10th OCTOBER 1955 at 7-30 p.m. ROSALYN TURECK Piano Recital Programme: Price Sixpence

PROGRAMME The analytical notes in this programme are the copyright of the Huddersfield Music Club English Suite in G minor I Prelude Allemande Courante Sarabandes I and II Gavottes I and II Gigue Bach (1685-1750) The Suite owes its origin to the pipers of the 17th century, who used to string together various national dances; this form was adopted and developed by the German clavichord players. The general rule was that the dances should be at least four in number, beginning with the Allemande, then the Courante and the Sarabande and ending with the Gigue. The French writers introduced all possible dances, even independent movements not in dance form, the Italians usually retained the rhythm and metre of the dance but frequently ignored its esssential characteristics. Bach followed the French model, but in a less extreme form. He wrote two sets of suites, the English and the French. Each set contains six suites; each suite is, in general, written in one key throughout. The origin of their titles is not known; Forkel conjectures that the French were so called because they were written in the French style; the English, "because the composer wrote them for an Englishman of quality". The English Suites are larger and more important than the French; in the latter the movements are generally shorter and more numerous. Both probably date from the Cothen period (1717-23). All the English Suites open with a Prelude in freer and more improvisatory style, otherwise Bach preserves the regular order, introducing any new dances between the Sarabande and the Gigue. But Bach goes still further; he "always vitalises the form, and gives each of the principal dance-forms a definite musical personality. . He thus raises the suite-form to the plane of the highest art, while at the same time he preserves its primitive character as a collection of dance-pieces" (Schweitzer). Binary form is used for each dance; that is, each is divided into two sections, in this case emphasised by repetition. Both sections are based on similar material, but the first section does not close, or the second begin, in the tonic key. The Allemande is a dance in moderate 4/4 time, with a continuous semiquaver movement, and starting usually on an up-beat. The Courante is a slightly quicker dance as the name implies (Courir to run), usually in 3/2 time, and its special feature is the rhythmic modification of the last bars of each section. The Sarabande is a slow dance of Spanish origin; the time is 3/4, with a special emphasis on the second beat. The second Sarabande in this Suite is a more richly ornamented version of the first one. The Gavotte is a dance of French origin, in moderately animated 4/4 time, beginning on the third beat. The second Gavotte is a Musette, a piece on a drone bass imitating the bagpipes. The Gigue is a smooth, rapid dance in all kinds of triple rhythms, usually with a constant quaver movement. "It gets its name from the gigue (ham or gammon) the satirical French name for the older violins; thus a gigue really means a fiddler's dance" (Schweitzer). For this dance Bach usually employs a fugal style, the second part opening with an inversion of the first.

II Brahms (1833-1897) Brahms wrote five sets of great variations, of which the Variations on a Theme by Handel was the second. It was written in Hamburg in 1861. In these Variations Brahms had now gained complete mastery of the style. When Brahms and Wagner had their only meeting in 1864, this was one of the works which Brahms played. Wagner's comment was, "One sees what can still be done with old forms in the hands of one who knows how to use them." Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel Op. 24 (Last performed in 1924 by Moisewitsch) The theme itself is simple-two phrases of four bars, each repeated; it is taken from Handel's 9th Suite in B flat, where it is followed by five simple variations. Brahms gives it twenty-five variations, ending with a massive Fugue with a stately coda. Karl Geringer writes: "In this work all the principles of variation followed in the older works are united for the first time. In the great majority of the twenty-five variations the harmonic and periodic structure of the theme is scrupulously preserved, while due regard is paid to the melody. Precisely because of the strict limitations which the master imposed on himself, the wealth of imagination and technical skill which he displays in this work, glve it a very speciai position among his compositions for the piano. It is not easy to say which deserves the greater admiration the logical concatenation of the individual variations, their firm organic cohesion, the profound spiritual vitality of the work, or its purely technical effectiveness as piano music. Passing from the quietly gay first variation, still in the spirit of Handel, through the two softly veiled pieces in the minor key (Nos. 5 and 6), the trumpet variations (Nos. 7 and 8), the delicate canon (No. 16), the Siciliana (No. 19), the Musical Box" (No. 22) and the great final climax (Nos. 23-25) to the powerful crowning fugue -the whole is a masterpiece, in which the strictest adherence to the rules and the greatest freedom are miraculously balanced." INTERVAL OF TEN MINUTES Nocturne in C minor Op. 48 Ondine III Moment Musical in A flat Op. 94 Schubert (1797-1828) Little need be said about Schubert's six Moments Musicaux; they are perfect lyrical piano pieces, in which Schubert's idea of piano as the vehicle of the most personal, intimate expression, is fully realised. This piece, the second of the set (written between 1824-27), is a thoughtful and dreamy rondo; both episodes are constructed from the same material though differently treated. Chopin (1810-1849) Ravel (1875-1937) Ondine is the first of a set of three pieces entitled 'Gaspard de la Nuit", poems for piano inspired by the strange, lugubrious writings of Aloysius Bertrand. Beside each of these pieces Ravel has quoted the passages that inspired them. Ondine is a picture of the movement and shimmer of water. Ondine herself knocks at her lover's window with drops of rain; she speaks to him of the lake without, of her palace under the waves and begs him to put her ring on his finger and to follow her. He answers that he loves a mortal. She weeps, then laughs and vanishes in a shower of rain-drops, which gush down the window-pane. La Campanella Paganini-Liszt (1811-1886) ROSALYN TURECK was born in America of Russian and Turkish descent. She gave her first recital when only nine years old. She was not allowed to become a child prodigy but continued her studies. In 1935 she made her debut at the Carnegie Hall with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy. She made her first tour in Europe in 1947. Though it is with the works of Bach that her name is now particularly associated, she is also well known as a protagonist of modern music, and she has given many first performances. "The Times" has written: "It is indeed rare to find a superbly equipped technician, a passionately sympathetic musician, and a scholar all in one and the same person, but this is Miss Tureck."

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL 14th November THE CARMIRELLI STRING QUARTET Quartet in D minor Op. 10 No. 2 Quartet in G major K.465 Quartet in F major Op. 59 No. 1 5th December- Monday evenings at 7.30 Julian Bream and Eileen McLoughlin (Lute, Guitar and Song Recital). 23rd Janaury--The Manchester Wind Sextet Boccherini Mozart Beethoven 12th March-Quatuor Haydn Single tickets 7/6 from Woods, 67 New Street, or at the door. THE HALIFAX PHILHARMONIC CLUB LECTURE HALL OF THE HALIFAX LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY Friday evenings at 7.30 HARRISON ROAD 4th November THE ELEMENT STRING QUARTET with JACYNTH HOLLAND (Viola) String Quintet in C major K.515 String Quartet in F minor Op. 95 String Quintet in G minor K.516 Single tickets 7/6 from David Dugdale Esq., 291 Willowfield Road, Halifax. Four Last Songs A Selection of British Songs THE HUDDERSFIELD GRAMOPHONE SOCIETY NEW NORTH ROAD BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL Alternate Monday evenings at 7.30 Quintet in C minor Op. 29 No. 1 Quintet in G Op. 60 No. 5 Mozart Beethoven Mozart 17th October CHAMBER MUSIC and SONGS Strauss Boccherini Boccherini Visitors welcome to one trial recital. Syllabus free from Woods, 67 New Street. New Members invited. Annual Subscription 12/6 THE HUDDERSFIELD THESPIANS ST. PATRICK'S HALL, 10th to 15th OCTOBER at 7.30 "RELATIVE ALUES " by Noel Coward Tickets: 3/- and 1/6 from Woods, 67 New Street The Advertiser Press Ltd., Huddersfield

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB President A. L. Woodhead, Esq., M.A., J.P. (The National Federation of Music Societies, to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain). MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL MONDAY, 14th NOVEMBER 1955 at 7-30 p.m. The Carmirelli String Quartet PINA CARMIRELLI (Violin) LUIGI SAGRATI (Viola) MONSERRAT CERVERA (Violin) ARTURO BONUCCI ('Cello) Programme: Price Sixpence

PROGRAMME The analytical notes in this programme are the copyright of the Huddersfield Music Club Quartet in D minor Op. 10 No. 2 I Grave Allegro Larghetto Allegretto con moto (First performance at these Concerts) Quartet in C major K.465 Boccherini was born at Lucca and was first taught the 'cello by his father. a double-bass player. He was sent to Rome in 1757 where he won fame both as a performer and a player; he later returned to Lucca where he produced two oratorios and an opera. He arrived in Paris in 1768 where he had a great success; he now began to publish his chamber music. About 1769 he was invited to go to Spain; a few years later he was appointed chamber composer to Frederick William II of Prussia and he remained in Berlin until the death of the king. He then returned to Spain, but ill-health and domestic tragedies followed; he died in extreme poverty. Boccherini was a prolific composer; his industry and powers of invention seemed inexhaustible. He left some 467 works, the bulk of them being chamber music. Haydn and Beccherini were con- temporaries, and it is generally assumed that the twc men knew and esteemed each other. Though so little of Boccherini's music is now heard, he is one of the greatest influences upon modern chamber music. "Gerber (Lexicon 1791-92) calls him the greatest of Italian instrumental composers whose only rival among the Germans was Haydn." (Cobbett) A melodist of the first order, "Boccherini then concentrates on the independent leading of the parts (based on a plurality of the motifs) achieving at times truly plastic effects, which belong rather to the romantic epoch than to the severe linear art of the classics. No longer is the structure filled with coarse substances and dynamic contrasts. A technique of the utmost flexibility and virtuosity now informs the material, and it is in this connection that Boccherini may be considered the first to have definitely fixed the style of modern chamber music." (Sondheimer). Boccherini (1756-1791) II Adagio Allegro Andante cantabile Minuet and Trio Allegro molto (Last performed in 1945 by the Koeckert Quart Mozart (1756-1791) The Quartet in C is the last of a set of six written between 1783-85 nd dedicate to Haydn ; the whole set forms one of the finest monuments which one composer has ever erected to the honour of another. The three last quartets of this set were played for the first time in Vienna in 1785 when Haydn said to Mozart's father: "Before God and as an honest man, I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name. He has taste, and what is more, the most profound knowledge of composition." Einstein observes that no more pro- found comment could be made about Mozart. "Genius and art combined; the 'gallant' (perhaps best translated as 'courtly style') and the learned' the two extremes into which music during this period threatened to split -re-united."

This quartet is the only one of the six which opens with a slow introduction. The so-called dis- sonances in it were considered on its appearance to be so peculiar that one princely amateur tore up the parts in fury at the outrage and copies were returned from Italy for correction. We now realise that these discords are the outcome of Mozart's deep contrapuntal studies, and that the "ugliness" is part of its beauty and therefore aesthetically right. Beethoven was the first to introduce fully the sense of personal struggle into his music, but the Introduction to this quartet surely shows that "Mozart was moving with his times toward the conception of self-expression in art, which was to dominate the composers of the nineteenth century" (Hussey). Apart from the unusual introduction there is little in the quartet which requires comment. The general effect is "a noble, manly cheerfulness rising in the Andante to an almost superhuman serenity, the kind of cheerfulness which in life or art appears only as the result of previous pain or strife" (Jahn). INTERVAL OF TEN MINUTES Quartet in F major Op. 59 No. 1 III Beethoven (1770-1827) Allegro Allegretto vivace e sempre scherzando Adagio molto e mesto Allegro (Theme Russe) (Last performed in 1952 by the Peter Gibbs Quartet) Bekker points out that each phase of Beethoven's development is, as it were, summed up and completed by an outpouring of chamber music. Thus the quartets of Op. 18 were the culmination of the early symphonies and the phantasia-sonatas. A space of five years followed during which the Eroica symphony ,Leonora, the three Lecnora overtures and the solo sonatas- all containing an increasingly large concerto element were written. All these works contributed to the growth of these three "symphonic concerto quartets" which, as Op. 59, marked so great an advance in that form. "The first of these quartets, that in F major, moves, emotionally, from a quiet consciousness of power to a fantastic and excited display of activity, thence to sorowful plaints and, finally to a sense of vigorous well-being" (Bekker). d'Indy remarks that every movement in the work is in sonata form "an example of construction rarely to be found in the history of music". This quartet is sometimes called the 'Cello Quartet owing to the prominence given to that instrument throughout the first movement opens with a simple but striking theme for the 'cello, which is immediately repeated by the violin. The Scherzo in B flat is a typical Beethoven scherzo. It "has the pecularity that, with the exception of the second subject, everything in the movement is duplicated. There are two first subjects, two bridge passages and two distinct developments" (d'Indy). The whole movement is linked by a persistant rhythmic figure. The Adagio ends with a long cadenza-like passage which leads directly into the finale. This is based upon a Russian folk-song, interrupted later by an expressive second theme. The quartets of Op. 59 are dedicated to Prince Rasumovsky, who was for nearly a quarter of a century the Russian ambassador in Vienna. His palace there became the centre of the artistic life of the city. Himself a good violinist, he had been initiated into the mysteries of his quartet style by Papa Haydn himself, and was looked on as the guardian of the true tradition of performances of these masterpieces". Rasumovsky later engaged Schuppanzigh and three colleagues for life as his private quartet. This quartet Beethoven acknowledged as the finest interpreters of his works and they were put freely at his disposal. The end of the Prince and his quartet was tragic. Fire destroyed the palace and its treasures; the Prince sank into melancholia and the quartet was disbanded. THE CARMIRELLI STRING QUARTET was founded in 1954 by Pina Carmirelli, the celebrated Italian violinist, the founder of the Boccherini Quintet, whose repertoire she created by her musical researches. She is a professor at the Santa Cecilia Conservatoire in Rome, as well as a solo artist. The second violin is playd by Monserrat Cervera, a young and brilliant Spanish violinist. Luigi Sagrati and Arturo Bonucci are both members of the original Boccherini Quintet.

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL 5th December- JULIAN BREAM and EILEEN MCLOUGHLIN Lute, Guitar and Song Recital 23rd January-The Manchester Wind Sextet 12th March-Quatuor Haydn Single tickets 7/6 from Woods, 67 New Street, or at the door. THE HALIFAX PHILHARMONIC CLUB LECTURE HALL OF THE HALIFAX LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HARRISON ROAD Friday evenings at 7.30 16th December--- DENNIS BRAIN (Horn) Monday evenings at 7.30 CELIA ARIELI (Piano) ERIC GRUENBERG (Violin) Sonata for Horn and Piano in F Op. 17 Sonata No. 2 for Violin and Piano Trio in E flat Op. 40 Single tickets 7/6 from David Dugdale Esq., 291 Willowfield Road, Halifax. Appalachia Visitors welcome to one trial recital. New Members invited. THE HUDDERSFIELD GRAMOPHONE SOCIETY NEW NORTH ROAD BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL Alternate Monday evenings at 7.30 28th November- DELIUS AND JAZZ The origins and development of Jazz Beethoven Prokofiev Brahms Delius Syllabus free from Woods, 67 New Street. Annual Subscription 12/6 The Advertiser Press Ltd., Huddersfield THE HUDDERSFIELD THESPIANS ST. PATRICK'S HALL, 21st to 26th NOVEMBER " TO LIVE IN PEACE by Victor Rietti. Adapted from the Italian by Giovacchino Forzano Tickets: 3/- and 1/6 from Woods, 67 New Street 33

CLUB A. L. Woodhead, Esq., M.A., J.P. THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC President (The National Federation of Music Societies, to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain). MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL MONDAY, 5th DECEMBER 1955 at 7-30 p.m. JULIAN BREAM and EILEEN MCLOUGHLIN GUITAR, LUTE & SONG RECITAL Programme: Price Sixpence

THE LUTE is an instrument of oriental origin, its Arabic name being al'ud. It was introduced to the West at the time of the Crusades. It reached its greatest heights in mediaeval and Renaissance times, and the rise of the violin quartet marked its decline. The latest use of the lute as an instrument of the orchestra appears to have been in Handel's "Deidamia ", 1741. Bach wrote three sets of pieces for it and uses it in the "St. John Passion ". Its "tender charm and colour- ing" make it essentially a chamber instrument and an instrument for accompanying the voice. "The pear-shaped or vaulted body of the lute is built up of staves of pine or cedar. The belly is of pine, and has one or more sound-bars for support and to assist the resonance. It is graduated in thickness towards the edge and is pierced with from one three sound-holes in decorative knots or "rose" patterns. Attached to the body is a neck of moderate length covered by a finger-board divided frets of brass or catgut into a measured scale. The strings were entirely of catgut until towards the end of the 17th century, when silver-spun bass strings were introduced . . When off the finger-board these deeper strings were attached to pegs elevated by a second and higher neck." (Grove). The number of frets and strings varied. The lute was always a most difficult instrument to keep in order and in tune. Mace (17th century) suggests that a lute should be kept in a bed which was in constant use, while Mattheson said that a lute player of eighty years would have spent sixty in tuning, and that the cost of keeping a horse and a lute in Paris would be about the same. Lutes and viols were made by the same makers; in France the word "luthier" still means a maker of violins. THE GUITAR is the modern representative of a large family of instruments which includes lutes and cithers. The name and the instrument were both intro- duced to Europe by the Moors in Spain. In contrast with the lute, the guitar has a flat back, the curves of its sides recalling those of the violin. The woods used are maple, ash or cherry, often adorned with inlays of rosewood, ivory, ebony, tortoiseshell or mother-of-pearl. The sound-board is deal with a decorated sound- hole. Modern guitars have six strings, three of gut and three of silk spun over silver wire. Semitones are marked off by frets on the ebony finger-board... The deepest strings are sounded by the thumb, the three highest by the first, second and third fingers, while the fifth rests upon the sound-board. JULIAN BREAM was born in London in 1933. He took up the piano when he was 10, but a year later he changed to the guitar. He soon came to the notice of the Society of Guitarists and studied with their President, D. Perrot. After 3 years he gained a scholarship to the R.C.M., where he studied piano, harmony and counterpoint. In 1945 he met Segovia who has, by his influence, helped him and given him lessons. His first professional engagement was at Cheltenham in 1947; two years later he made his London debut. Since then he has toured widely and given many concerts and broadcasts. EILEEN MCLOUGHLIN was born in Allahabad, India, in 1926. She studied singing at the R.C.M. and gave her first London concerts in 1945. She has since given recitals and sung in Oratorio in many parts of the country. She has also toured in the Continent and in North Africa with a small ensemble. She broad- casts frequently.

SONGS WITH LUTE Awake, sweet Love Sweet, stay awhile With my love my life was nestled Farewell, dear Love Will ye buy a fine dog? LUTE SOLOS Alman Lachrimea Carmen's Whistle Galliard My Lady Hunsdon's Puff SONGS WITH GUITAR PROGRAMME GUITAR SOLOS Sprache der Liebe Morgengruss Seligkeit Two Preludes Fandanguillo Sevilla SPANISH FOLK SONGS II Ya se van los Pastores Jota Tortosina Nana (M. de Falla) El Vito INTERVAL OF TEN MINUTES III IV John Dowland (1563-1626) Thomas Morley (1557-1603) Robert Jones (c. 1597-1603) Thomas Morley V John Dowland Robert Johnson (c. 1583-1634) John Dowland Schubert (1797-1828) H. Villa Lobos (b. 1881) T. J. Turina (b. 1882) E. Pujol

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL 23rd January- THE MANCHESTER WIND SEXTET (Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Bassoon and Piano) Quintet in E flat K.452 Sextet Sextet 12th March - LE QUATUOR HAYDN Single tickets 7/6 from Woods, 67 New Street, or at the door. 16th December- Monday evenings at 7.30 THE HALIFAX PHILHARMONIC CLUB LECTURE HALL OF THE HALIFAX LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HARRISON ROAD Friday evenings at 7.30 DENNIS BRAIN (Horn) Mozart Thuille Poulenc CELIA ARIELI (Piano) ERIC GRUENBERG (Violin) Sonata for Horn and Piano in F Op. 17 Sonata No. 2 for Violin and Piano Trio in E flat Op. 40 Single tickets 7/6 from David Dugdale Esq., 291 Willowfield Road, Halifax. The Advertiser Press Ltd., Huddersfield Beethoven Prokofiev Brahms THE HUDDERSFIELD THESPIANS ST. PATRICK'S HALL, 23rd to 28th JANUARY BARNET'S FOLLY by Jan Stewer Tickets 3/- and 1/6 from Woods, 67 New Street

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB President A. L. Woodhead, Esq., M.A., J.P. (The National Federation of Music Societies, to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain). MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL MONDAY, 23rd JANUARY 1956, 7.30 p.m. THE MANCHESTER WIND SEXTET WILLIAM MORRIS (Flute) MICHAEL WINFIELD (Oboe) PAT RYAN (Clarinet) MAURICE HANDFORD (Horn) CHARLES CRACKNELL (Bassoon) RAYSON WHALLEY (Piano) Sextet in B flat major Op. 6 Sextet (1932-39) Quintet in E flat K.452 I Allegro moderato Larghetto Gavotte Finale Vivace II Finale Prestissimo Allegro vivace Divertissement Andantino PROGRAMME Ludwig Thuille (1861-1907) INTERVAL OF TEN MINUTES III Largo. Allegro moderato Larghetto Rondo Francis Poulenc (b. 1899) Mozart (1756-1791) THREE PENCE

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL 12th March- LE QUATUOR HAYDN Monday evenings at 7.30 Quartet in D major Op. 71 No. 2 Quartet in E flat major Op. 74 Quartet Ravel Single tickets 7/6 from Woods, 67 New Street, or at the door. Haydn Beethoven THE HALIFAX PHILHARMONIC CLUB LECTURE HALL OF THE HALIFAX LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. HARRISON ROAD Friday evenings at 7.30 24th February- THE AMADEUS STRING QUARTET Quartet in G major Op. 77 No 1 Quartet (No. 2) in C major Op. 36 Quartet in E flat major Op. 127 Single tickets 7/6 from David Dugdale Esq., 291 Willowfield Road, Halifax. The Advertiser Press Ltd., Huddersfield Haydn Britten Beethoven THE HUDDERSFIELD THESPIANS ST. PATRICK'S HALL, 23rd to 28th JANUARY, at 7.30 p.m. BARNET'S FOLLY by Jan Stewer Tickets 3/- and 1/6 from Woods, 67 New Street

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB President A. L. Woodhead, Esq., M.A. J.P. (The National Federation of Music Societies to which this Society is affiliated, supports these Concerts with funds provided by the Arts Council of Great Britain). MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL MONDAY, 12th MARCH 1956 at 7.30 p.m. QUATUOR HAYDN GEORGES MAES (Violin) LOUIS HERTOGH (Violin) LOUIS LOGIE (Viola) RENE POUSEELE ('Cello) Programme Price Sixpence

PROGRAMME Quartet in D major Op. 71 No. 2 I Adagio - Allegro Adagio Minuet and Trio Finale. Allegretto -(First performance at these Concerts) Cast pert in by the Quatuor Haydn) The six quartets of Opp. 71 and 74 were written in 1793; all were dedicated to Count Apponyi. They belong to the last period of Haydn's work and only the quartets of Opp. 76 and 77 and the unfinished Op. 103 followed them. Quartet in E flat major Op. 74 Tovey calls the quartets of Op. 71 "three neglected masterpieces". All three start with an intro- duction, but, in place of a few chords, No. 2 has a true introduction of four adagio bars. At this period of his life, Haydn was deeply interested in the problems of orchestral composition, and all the quartets of Opp. 71 and 74 have a certain symphonic character. This is especially apparent in the first movement of Op. 71 No. 2, where the opening downward octave leaps of all four instru- ments followed by a bustling semiquaver passage are definitely orchestral in feeling. The whole movement is based on these two vigorous motives. The Adagio is a song, mostly sung by the first violin, with a more animated middle section. On its return the second violin takes up the melody with graceful triplet passages above it for the first violin. Haydn (1732-1809) In his old age Haydn said, "People talk about counterpoint but I wish someone would write a really new Minuet". But it was he himself who had written all the lovely new ones, and this short Minuet and Trio has all the grace and charm and newness which he brought to that simple form. Of that animated, yet at times strangely hushed, Finale, Tovey says that it has one of the loveliest themes of his (Haydn's) special later kittenish type". II Poco adagio Allegro Adagio ma non troppo Presto Allegretto con variazioni (Last performed in 1932 by the Hirsch Quartet) Beethoven (1770-1827) By the years 1807-11 Beethoven seemed to have reached the summit of his powers in voca! music and in the Mass in C, in piano sonatas and the E flat piano concerto, in symphonic com- position with the Symphony No. 7 and in chamber music with the quartets of Opp. 74 and 95 and the Trios Opp. 70 and 97. It could hardly be expected that he could create a yet greater symphony, greater piano works and, as a last suminit, the last string quartets. This was a period of complete mastery and strength, of relative serenity and joy, but in these works can found a foreshadowing of a "transformation of the creative idea, a transformation to be completely effected only in the sonatas of 1815 and the last quartets of 1825" (d'Indy).

The Quartet Op. 74 was written in 1809 and dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz, one of Beethoven's princely patrons in Vienna. It is widely known as the Harp Quartet because of the pizzicato arpeggios in the first movement. The first movement opens with a rather extended introduction ending with a long ascending chromatic scale cut of which the movement proper suddenly appears. A simple thematic figure based on the tonic chord is heard, followed at once by the first subject. This is soon succeeded by the second subject. The whole of the development section is based on the thematic figure and the first subject. Before the coda the violin has a brilliant cadenza-like passage the only virtuoso passage found in Beethoven's chamber music. The Adagio in A flat minor is a "superb example of the lyric grandeur of Beethoven. The majestic calm, preserved unbroken throughout the movement, causes one to wonder what the slow movement will become with the Beethoven of the third epoch. A noble and melodious phrase asserts itself at the very outset" (d'Indy). This theme, in varying form, reappears in the third and fifth sections. The second section (A flat minor) has a new theme which returns in the sixth section, while the fourth section (D flat major) has a new phrase derived from the main theme The third movement is a Scherzo with the Trio repeated twice. The keys alternate between C major and C minor. This leads without a break to the Finale - a theme with six variations. In the second variation the viola has a long and lovely melody; the sixth variation is built a long pedal-point for the 'cello. The work ends with a short and brilliant coda. over Quartet in F major INTERVAL OF TEN MINUTES III Allegro moderato Assez vif Tres rythme Tres lent Vif et agite (Last performed in 1952 by the Peter Gibbs Quartet) Ravel (1875-1937) Although Ravel is one of the most important modern French composers, he was not of purely French origin; his father was French-Swiss while his mother was Basque. It was from the latter that he inherits so many of the southern traits to be found in his music the feeling for light and colour and the complex rhythms. But the virtues of the French culture are added to these - craftsmanship, restraint, fastidiousness, intelligence, wit and unerring taste and balance. His output is relatively not large; and he only wrote one work for string quartet. This quartet, written in 1902-03, is dedicated to his master, Gabriel Faure; and its first move- ment, in sonata form, opens in almost a Faure-like manner. It soon develops its own character and style with many changes of colour and tempo. The second movement is a really original Scherzo, with a pizzicato opening and a contrasting section of much melodic charm. The slow movement is complex in style, with fleeting references to the first movement; it ends with a wonderful raising of all four instruments to their highest registers. The final movement, in 5/8 time, is by turn stormy and calm; both its main subjects have references to material in the first movement a method of thematic development which is to be found in much of Ravel's music. THE QUATUOR HAYDN was founded in 1945, following the dissolution of the Pro Arte Quartet. At the outset the Quatuor Haydn were particularly identified with the works of Haydn, Mozart and Ravel, but their repertoire is by no means confined to these masters, and they have done much to further the cause of modern music. The success of this quartet was rapid and they are now numbered among the leading quartets of Europe.

THE HUDDERSFIELD MUSIC CLUB MAYOR'S RECEPTION ROOM, TOWN HALL These Concerts will be continued next Season. Among the artists appearing for the first time will be the Parrenin and Stross String Quartets and Paul Badura-Skoda (Piano). Monday evenings at 7.30 The Committee would like to emphasise once again that to ensure the further continuance of these unique concerts an increased membership is essential. THE HALIFAX PHILHARMONIC CLUB LECTURE HALL OF THE HALIFAX LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HARRISON ROAD Friday evenings at 7.30 23rd March- THE MARTIN STRING QUARTET Quartet in E flat K.248 Quartet (No. 2) in C major Op. 36 Quartet in E minor Single tickets 7/6 from David Dugdale Esq., 291 Willowfield Road, Halifax Mozart Dohnanyi Verdi THE HUDDERSFIELD THESPIANS ST. PATRICK'S HALL, 16th to 21st APRIL The Advertiser Press Ltd., Huddersfield "DEAR CHARLES by Alan Melville A Comedy after the French "Les Enfants D'Edouard" by Marc-Gilbert Sauvijon and Frederick Jackson Tickets: 3/- and 1/6 from Woods, 67 New Street