BRITISH MUSIC SOCIETY OF NORTHERN IRELAND 1960-1961 THIRD RECITAL under the auspices of THE QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST ★ PIERRE FOURNIER ERNEST LUSH Violoncello Pianoforte SIR WILLIAM WHITLA HALL Queen's University, Belfast FRIDAY, 16th DECEMBER, 1960 at 7.45 p.m.

Concerto in D major Allegro Adagio Allegro Antonio Vivaldi (1675-1741) Vivaldi, the greatest of Venetian composers, is known to us now as the first of the great modern composers for the violin. But like most musicians of his time he wrote many operas and much church music (he had taken minor orders and was known as "The Red-headed Priest"), which is now forgotten. His influence on his contemporaries, including Bach, was profound. Of his numerous concertos (he is known to have written 221 for violin and 38 for bassoon) a large number has survived. Sonata in C major, Op. 102, No. 1 Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) allegro vivace Andante: Adagio allegro vivace The two sonatas of Op. 102 were the last works written by Beethoven for stringed instrument and piano. They were written in 1815; thereafter his chamber music compositions were for piano solo or string combinations. It is probable that this sonata arose from no deep inner compulsion, but from the accident that Linke, 'Cellist of the Razumovsky Quarter, was at Baden at the same time as Beethoven for the summer. He was at this time more interested in exploring new paths in music than in indulging in the compromises essential to balance fairly two instruments of such differing demands. It has generally been felt that, in spite of his intention to make it a "free sonata", his imagination did not take fire. It is noteworthy that he seems to shirk the task of writing a fully developed slow movement.

Sonata for unaccompanied Cello, Op. 8 Allegro maestoso ma appassionata Adagio Allegro molto vivace Kodály Zoltán (1882- ) This sonata, written in 1915 and published in 1921, is one of the outstanding contributions to the 'cellist's repertoire in this century. Its fantastic difficulties confine it to the select few who can surmount them. To some of its innovations, such as the pizzicato glissando, we have become accustomed in the writing of Bartók; others, such as counterpoints of pizzicato and arco and the final double stopping of the last movement, a minor thirteenth fingered at both ends, remain so near the impossible that they are likely to be rarely repeated. But the real importance of the sonata lies in its musical content; the pyrotechnics are subservient to this. The two bottom strings of the 'cello are tuned down a semi-tone in this sonata. INTERVAL Sonata for 'Cello and Piano Allegro ben moderato Allegro César Franck (1882-1890) Recitativo-Fantasia: ben moderato Allegretto poco mosso This sonata was originally written (1886) for violin or 'cello and is to be considered as an original work for 'cello, not as a transcription, but was first performed as a violin sonata by Ysaye. Franck was profoundly under the influence of Beethoven in this work. The first movement is in sonata form without development, the second in full sonata form. With his respect for classical forms Franck refused to give a classical name to the third movement, beginning as it does in D minor and ending in F sharp minor. The last movement is in rondo form.

NEXT CONCERTS : Friday 13th January RICHARD LEWIS (Tenor) and GEOFFREY PARSONS (Pianoforte) A shepherd in a shade The Queen's Epicedium While Kedron's brook See what love will do Waft her, angels Nell; Lydia; Sylvie; Prison; Toujours Five poems of E. B. Browning The water mill; The new ghost Rest sweet nymphs Is my team ploughing? Folk songs Saturday, 21st January CARMIRELLI STRING QUARTET Quartet in D major, Op. 75, No. 5 Quartet No. 2 in C major, Op. 36 Quartet in C sharp minor, Op. 131 Saturday 11th February QUARTETTO DI ROMA Quartet in C minor, Op. 60 Quartet (1957) Quartet in C minor, Op. 15 Friday 10th March Reizenstein Vaughan Williams Warlock Butterworth Quartet in D minor, K. 173 Quartet in E flat, Op. 51. Quartet in B flat, Op. 130 Dowland Purcell Handel Bach Handel Fauré Friday 24th March ALLEGRI STRING QUARTET Programme not yet to hand. Haydn Britten Beethoven CLIFFORD CURZON (Pianoforte) Brahms Viozzi Fauré Mozart Dvorak Beethoven